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The Lower Palaeolithic colonisation of Europe

AuteurLing V.

Editor--

Jaar2011

PublicatietypeBoek

SerieBAR British Archaeological Reports International Series

Volume2316

SubtitelAntiquity magnitude permanency and cognition

Pagina’s254 + CD

UitgeverArchaeopress

PlaatsOxford

ISBN9781407308999

Citation key--

Trefwoorden--

Plaatsgegevens

Exemplaar87598 ReknummerT-4-3-f

Inhoud
Introduction 1-3
  • Why Europe? , p. 2
  • Definition of Europe , pp. 2-3
Long versus short chronology : the antiquity of European colonisation 4-9
  • The long chronology . The first inter-continental traveller , pp. 4-6
  • The long chronology . The 'eolith' problem , p. 6
  • The short chronology . Primary context sites , p. 7
  • The short chronology . The ambiguous nature of lithics > 0.5 mya , pp. 7-8
  • The short chronology . Hominin fossils in Europe , p. 8
In situ evolution versus dispersals : the permanency of lower palaeolithic colonisation 10-20
  • The Pleistocene 'Ice Age' . Regulation of the glacial cycle , p. 10
  • The Pleistocene 'Ice Age' . Registering glacials and interglacials , pp. 10-11
  • The Pleistocene 'Ice Age' . Glacial temperatures , p. 11
  • Coping with the ice age . Social buffering , pp. 11-13
  • Coping with the ice age . Food availability , p. 13
  • Coping with the ice age . Day length , pp. 13-14
  • Barriers to European colonisation . Did hominins cross the Strait of Gibraltar? , pp. 14-18
  • Barriers to European colonisation . Mountain belts, plateaus and plains , p. 18
  • Barriers to European colonisation . Carnivore guilds , pp. 18-19
Population continuity versus discontinuity : the palaeodemography of colonisation 21-23
  • Glacial refugia , pp. 21-22
  • A 'pulse-flow' colonisation of Europe? , pp. 22-23
Mode 1 versus Mode 2: the cognitive capabilities of contemporaneous European populations 24-29
  • Definition of Mode 1 and Mode 2 technology , p. 24
  • The validity of Mode 1 and Mode 2 classification , pp. 24-26
  • The paradox of Mode 1 sites in Europe , p. 26
  • Previous attempts to measure behavioural complexity from material culture , pp. 26-28
Methodology I: The database 30-33
  • Data collection . Omitted sites , p. 30
  • Data collection . What constitutes a site? , pp. 30-31
  • The structure of the database . Tables of the database , pp. 31-33
Methodology II: The grading system . The validity of using archaeology to measure behavioural complexity 34-35
Methodology II: The grading system . A multi-variable approach to quantifying behavioural complexity 35-36
  • Stone tools: an archaeological blessing and a cognitive curse , p. 35
  • Behaviour as a series of discrete (non-metric) traits , pp. 35-36
Methodology II: The grading system . The structure of the grading system 36-38
  • Planning charts , pp. 36-37
  • The overriding grading criteria , pp. 37-38
Methodology II: The grading system . Site selection 39-46
  • Summary of each site > MIS 17 , pp. 40-46
Methodology II: The grading system . Interpreting the archaeology 46-47
  • Archaeological context and behavioural resolution , p. 46
  • Justifying qualitative interpretation , p. 46
Methodology II: The grading system . Categories of the grading system 48-112
  • Use of wood , pp. 48-52
  • Use of fire , pp. 53-62
  • Use of bone , pp. 63-66
  • Transfer distance of stone used in tool manufacture , pp. 67-70
  • Symbolic representation , pp. 71-77
  • Shelter , pp. 78-82
  • Spatial organisation , pp. 83-86
  • Use of rare local stone in tool manufacture , pp. 87-89
  • Artificial pavements , pp. 90-93
  • Manuports , pp. 94-96
  • Hafting , pp. 97-103
  • Faunal remains , pp. 104-109
  • Variety of stone used in tool manufacture , pp. 110-112
Results I: Long versus short chronology 113-132
  • Geographical distribution of sites and landscape preference , pp. 113-119
  • Technological distribution , pp. 119-120
  • Chronological distribution of sites , pp. 120-122
  • Environmental background and site distribution , pp. 123-131
Results II: In situ evolution versus dispersals . Presence/absence of each behaviour 133-156
  • Use of wood , pp. 133-135
  • Use of fire , pp. 135-138
  • Use of bone , pp. 139-140
  • Transfer distance of stone used in tool manufacture , pp. 141-142
  • Symbolic representation , pp. 142-144
  • Shelter , pp. 144-146
  • Spatial organisation , pp. 146-148
  • Use of rare local stone in tool manufacture , p. 148
  • Artificial pavements , pp. 149-150
  • Manuports , pp. 151-152
  • Hafting , pp. 152-153
  • Faunal remains , pp. 154-155
  • Variety of stone used in tool manufacture , pp. 155-156
Results II: In situ evolution versus dispersals . Chronological distribution of all behaviours 157-159
Results III: Population continuity versus discontinuity 161-178
  • The complexity of behaviour , pp. 161-176
Results IV: Mode 1 versus Mode 2 177-184
  • Geographical distribution of Mode I and Mode 2 , pp. 179-180
  • Statistical test used , p. 180
  • Results . All sites , pp. 180-181
  • Results . Comparison of CS in each MIS , pp. 181-182
  • Results . Comparison of CS in each region , pp. 182-184
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